You're right to notice the difference in wording between Daniel 7:3 and 7:17—it stands out and can appear to be a contradiction at first glance. In verse 3, Daniel describes his vision, where four great beasts rise out of the sea. This is symbolic imagery: in Scripture, the sea often represents chaos, disorder, or the mass of nations (as seen in Revelation 17:15). Then in verse 17, an unidentified heavenly being (likely an angelic interpreter from verse 16) gives the explanation: the four beasts represent four kings who will arise out of the earth. Here, "earth" refers not to a physical location but to the realm of human history or activity (as also seen in Daniel 4:35)—meaning these kings or kingdoms will emerge within the course of earthly events.
Rev. 17:15 "And he said to me, "The waters which you saw where the harlot sits, are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues.
So the difference in terms—“sea” in the vision and “earth” in the interpretation—is not a contradiction but a shift from symbolic language to explanatory meaning. The vision uses the sea to portray the chaotic and unstable origins of these empires, while the interpretation anchors them in the real world. Both verses refer to the same four kingdoms but from different perspectives: one symbolic (v. 3), the other explanatory and historical (v. 17).
It’s like seeing dark storm clouds in the sky (the sea) that signal a coming storm, and then later hearing a weather report saying the storm will hit your town (the earth)—two ways of describing the same event from different perspectives. Just as different photographers capture the same scene from unique angles—each revealing a new detail or mood—the Bible’s various books describe the same events and truths in ways that sound different but together paint a fuller picture.
Simply put, the beasts that rise from the sea and the kings from the earth are the same entities. The "sea" describes their symbolic origin in the vision, while the "earth" describes their rise in real-world history in the following interpretation. The verses don't disagree—they explain the same thing in two different ways.